Answers

Welcome to our series of explanations for multiple-choice questions in the field of Computer Science. In this collection, we'll dive deep into various concepts, algorithms, and principles that underpin the fascinating world of computing. Each answer will not only provide the correct choice but also offer a comprehensive explanation, shedding light on the 'why' and 'how' behind the correct response. Whether you're a student looking to ace your computer science exams or a curious individual eager to expand your knowledge in this ever-evolving field, our explanations aim to demystify complex topics and empower you with a deeper understanding of computer science.

So, let's embark on this enlightening journey through the digital realm, one multiple-choice question at a time.

Question 1: What is the primary purpose of an operating system?

a) To run applications
b) To manage hardware resources
c) To create documents
d) To browse the internet

Correct Answer:

b) To manage hardware resources

Explanation:

Operating systems are responsible for managing hardware resources like CPU, memory, and devices, enabling efficient execution of applications

Question 2: Which programming language is commonly used for web development on the client-side?

a) Python
b) Java
c) HTML
d) JavaScript

Correct Answer:

d) JavaScript

Explanation:

JavaScript is a scripting language used for client-side web development, enabling interactive web applications.

Question 3: What does CPU stand for?

a) Central Process Unit
b) Computer Personal Unit
c) Central Processing Unit
d) Central Peripheral Unit

Correct Answer:

c) Central Processing Unit

Explanation:

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit, which is the core component responsible for executing instructions in a computer.

Question 4: What is the binary representation of the decimal number 10?

a) 1010
b) 1100
c) 1110
d) 1001

Correct Answer:

a) 1010

Explanation:

The binary representation of 10 is 1010.

Question 5: Which data structure uses the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle?

a) Queue
b) Stack
c) Linked List
d) Tree

Correct Answer:

b) Stack

Explanation:

Stacks follow the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle, where the last element added is the first to be removed.

Question 6: What is the purpose of a firewall in network security?

a) To filter and control network traffic
b) To speed up internet connections
c) To provide encryption for data
d) To manage email accounts

Correct Answer:

a) To filter and control network traffic

Explanation:

Firewalls are used to filter and control incoming and outgoing network traffic, enhancing security.

Question 7: Which data storage technology is known for its durability and long-term data retention but slower access times compared to RAM?

a) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
b) Solid State Drive (SSD)
c) Optical Disc
d) Magnetic Tape

Correct Answer:

d) Magnetic Tape

Explanation:

Magnetic tape is known for its durability and long-term data retention but has slower access times compared to RAM.

Question 8: Which programming paradigm focuses on defining the "what" rather than the "how" of a program?

a) Procedural Programming
b) Object-Oriented Programming
c) Functional Programming
d) Structured Programming

Correct Answer:

c) Functional Programming

Explanation:

Functional programming emphasizes defining the desired outcome (what) rather than specifying the step-by-step process (how).

Question 9: Which protocol is commonly used for sending emails?

a) FTP
b) HTTP
c) SMTP
d) DHCP

Correct Answer:

c) SMTP

Explanation:

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is commonly used for sending emails.

Question 10: What does HTML stand for in web development?

a) Hyper Transfer Markup Language
b) Hyperlink Text Markup Language
c) Hypertext Markup Language
d) High-Level Text Markup Language

Correct Answer:

c) Hypertext Markup Language

Explanation:

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, which is used to structure content on the web.

Question 11: What is the primary function of an algorithm in computer science?

a) To store data
b) To perform calculations
c) To solve a problem step by step
d) To display graphical elements

Correct Answer:

c) To solve a problem step by step

Explanation:

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a specific problem or performing a task.

Question 12: Which programming language is often used for data analysis and scientific computing?

a) C++
b) Java
c) Python
d) Ruby

Correct Answer:

c) Python

Explanation:

Python is widely used in data analysis and scientific computing due to its extensive libraries and simplicity.

Question 13: What does the acronym URL stand for in the context of web addresses?

a) Uniform Resource Locator
b) Universal Resource Link
c) Uniform Reference Locator
d) Unified Resource Link

Correct Answer:

a) Uniform Resource Locator

Explanation:

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, used to specify the address of a resource on the internet.

Question 14: Which data structure organizes elements in a hierarchical structure with a root and branches?

a) Array
b) Stack
c) Queue
d) Tree

Correct Answer:

d) Tree

Explanation:

Trees organize elements hierarchically with a root node and branches, making them useful for various data representations.

Question 15: In computer security, what does the acronym "DDoS" stand for?

a) Distributed Data Server
b) Direct Denial of Service
c) Dynamic Domain of Service
d) Distributed Denial of Service

Correct Answer:

d) Distributed Denial of Service

Explanation:

DDoS stands for Distributed Denial of Service, where multiple compromised systems are used to overwhelm a target system or network.

Question 16: What is the purpose of the SQL (Structured Query Language) in databases?

a) To design user interfaces
b) To write programming code
c) To query and manipulate data
d) To create graphical charts

Correct Answer:

c) To query and manipulate data

Explanation:

SQL is used for querying and manipulating data in relational databases.

Question 17: Which programming language is known for its use in game development, particularly for 2D and 3D games?

a) Python
b) C#
c) Ruby
d) Swift

Correct Answer:

b) C#

Explanation:

C# is commonly used for game development, especially with the Unity game engine.

Question 18: What is the purpose of a compiler in programming?

a) To write code
b) To execute code
c) To debug code
d) To translate code into machine-readable instructions

Correct Answer:

d) To translate code into machine-readable instructions

Explanation:

A compiler translates high-level programming code into machine code that a computer can execute.

Question 19: Which networking protocol is responsible for assigning IP addresses dynamically to devices on a network?

a) TCP/IP
b) DNS
c) DHCP
d) FTP

Correct Answer:

c) DHCP

Explanation:

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is used to assign IP addresses dynamically to network devices.

Question 20: What is the purpose of version control systems (VCS) like Git?

a) To create graphical designs
b) To manage and track changes in code and files
c) To browse the internet
d) To create databases

Correct Answer:

b) To manage and track changes in code and files

Explanation:

Version control systems like Git are used to track changes in code and collaborate on software development projects.